Special talk, 4/25 – Stefan Keine and Ethan Poole

With the advent of the copy theory of movement (Chomsky 1995), reconstruction effects have typically been analyzed in terms of interpreting the lower copy of a movement chain (e.g. Fox 1999). In this talk, we present evidence from Hindi-Urdu that indicates that interpretation of a lower copy cannot be the only route to reconstruction effects. Our argument is based on the observation that some but not all reconstruction effects induce Condition C connectivity. We argue that Hindi-Urdu requires the hybrid approach to reconstruction developed on independent grounds by Lechner (1998, 2013, to appear), where both copy neglection (a syntactic mechanism) and higher-type traces (a semantic mechanism) are available as independent interpretation mechanisms.